For this tutorial, we will focus only on Oracle SQL. But understanding Oracle SQL means you already understanding other kinds of SQL by over 90 percent.
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Overview of Database Concepts
- A database is organized data that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. The structure enables users to create, read, update, and delete data efficiently.
- Types of databases include hierarchical, network, relational (the most common), and non-relational (NoSQL).
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Introduction to Relational Databases
- Relational databases are structured to recognize relations between stored items of information. They use tables, which consist of rows and columns.
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Oracle Database Architecture Overview
- Oracle Database architecture includes components like the Instance (memory structures and background processes) and the Database (data files, control files).
SQL Overview
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What is SQL?
- SQL (Structured Query Language) is the standard language used for interacting with relational databases. It allows users to perform tasks like querying data, updating records, and managing database structures.
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Types of SQL: DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL
- DDL (Data Definition Language): Used to define database structures. Examples:
CREATE
,ALTER
,DROP
. - DML (Data Manipulation Language): Used to manipulate data. Examples:
SELECT
,INSERT
,UPDATE
,DELETE
. - DCL (Data Control Language): Used for access control. Examples:
GRANT
,REVOKE
. - TCL (Transaction Control Language): Used to manage transactions. Examples:
COMMIT
,ROLLBACK
.
- DDL (Data Definition Language): Used to define database structures. Examples:
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SQL Standards and Compatibility
- SQL has various standards defined by ANSI and ISO. Oracle extends SQL with PL/SQL (Procedural Language/SQL), a rich procedural language.
Setting Up the Environment
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Installing Oracle Database 19c
- Follow the installation guide provided by Oracle to install Oracle Database 19c. Set up environment variables and configure database settings as needed.
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Introduction to SQL Developer
- SQL Developer is a free graphical interface to Oracle Database. It allows users to run SQL queries, browse database objects, and manage them.