Previous Next

CSS

CSS Overview Selectors Declarations Rule Sets Comments Reset/Normalize Origin Importance Order Specificity Inheritance Cascade Layers Inline Styles Internal Styles External Styles @import Absolute Units Relative Units Dynamic Viewport Angle Units Time Units Frequency Units: Resolution Units Keywords Color Formats Color Functions & Spaces Background Color Background Image Background Repeat Background Position Background Size Background Attachment Background Shorthand Multiple Backgrounds Linear Gradients Radial Gradients Conic Gradients Font Family Font Size Font Weight Font Style Line Height Text Align Text Decoration Text Transform Letter Spacing Word Spacing Text Shadow Text Wrap Variable Fonts Content Box Padding Box Border Box Margin Box Box Sizing Property Margin Padding Border Outline Box Shadow Block Display Inline Display Inline Block Display Static Position Relative Position Absolute Position Fixed Position Sticky Position Top Element Position Right Element Position Bottom Element Position Left Element Position Z Index Flexbox Box Layout Display Flex Flex Direction Flex Wrap Justify Content Align Items Align Content Gap, Row Gap & Column Gap Flex Grow Flex Shrink Flex Basis Flex Shorthand Order Property Align Self Practical Applications CSS Grid Layout Grid Display Grid Template Columns Grid Template Rows Grid Template Areas Justify Items Grid Auto Columns Justify Self Nested Grids Responsive Web Design Min Width Max Width Orientation Logical Operators Pointer Hover Prefers Color Scheme Fluid Images Flexible Typography Viewport Width Advanced CSS Features Defining variables Using variables Scope & Inheritance of CSS Variables Property Value Fallback Practical Applications :Hover :Active :Focus :Focus Visible :Visited :Link :First Child :Last Child :Nth Child :Nth of Type :Empty :Checked :Disabled :Enabled :Valid :Invalid :Required :Has :Not :Is :Where ::Before Pseudo Element ::After Pseudo Element ::First Letter ::First Line ::Selection ::Marker CSS 2D Transformations CSS 3D Transformations Transform Origin Transform Style Backface Visibility Transition Property Transition Duration Transition Timing Function Transition Delay Transition Shorthand Ease Timing Function Linear Timing Function Ease In Timing Function Ease Out Timing Function Ease In Out Timing Function Cubic Bezier Function Animations (@keyframes) Defining @keyframes Animation Name CSS Animation Duration Animation Timing Function CSS Animation Delay CSS Animation Iteration Count Animations Direction CSS Animation Fill Mode CSS Animation Play State CSS Filter Blur CSS Filter Brightness CSS Filter Contrast() CSS Drop Shadow CSS Grayscale CSS Hue Rotate CSS Invert CSS Opacity CSS Saturate CSS Sepia Mix Blend Mode Background Blend Mode Object Fit & Object Position Scroll Snap Type Scroll Snap Align Scroll Padding Scroll Margin Scroll Triggered Animations JS Variables

:Focus Visible

The :focus-visible pseudo-class applies styles to an element that has received focus and the browser heuristically determines that the focus indicator should be visible (e.g., when navigating with a keyboard). It helps to avoid showing focus styles for mouse users while keeping them for keyboard users.

Example 1: Differentiating Focus Styles

/* Default focus style (for mouse users) */
.my-button:focus {
  outline: none;
}

/* Visible focus style (for keyboard users) */
.my-button:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid #007bff;
}

Explanation

This code removes the outline for mouse clicks but provides a clear, visible outline for keyboard navigation, enhancing accessibility without altering the design for mouse users.

Example 2: Styling Links for Keyboard Navigation

/* Style for a link */
.my-link {
  color: #007bff;
}

/* Add a background color on focus for keyboard users */
.my-link:focus-visible {
  background-color: #e9ecef;
  outline: 2px solid #007bff;
}

Explanation

This ensures that when a user tabs to a link, it gets a distinct background and outline, making it easy to see which link is currently selected. Mouse users will not see this style on click.

Example 3: Custom Checkbox Focus

/* Style for a custom checkbox */
.custom-checkbox:focus-visible {
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.5);
}

Explanation

For custom form elements that don't have a default focus indicator, :focus-visible can be used to add a noticeable shadow for keyboard users, improving the accessibility of your custom controls.

Example 4: Focus on a Div with tabindex

/* Style for a focusable div */
.focusable-card {
  padding: 15px;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
}

/* Add a border for keyboard focus */
.focusable-card:focus-visible {
  border-color: #007bff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.5);
}

Explanation

When a non-interactive element is made focusable with tabindex, this ensures a focus style is applied only when it's logically necessary, such as during keyboard navigation.

Example 5: Combining with Other Pseudo-classes

/* Style for a button */
.my-button {
  background-color: #6c757d;
  color: white;
}

/* Style for hover */
.my-button:hover {
  background-color: #5a6268;
}

/* Style for keyboard focus */
.my-button:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid #6c757d;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

Explanation

This demonstrates how :focus-visible can be used alongside other pseudo-classes like :hover to create a comprehensive and accessible user experience for all types of interaction.